The Sea Shanty.net - Work Songs of the Sea海shanty.net工作歌海

What is a Sea Shanty ?什么是大海窝棚?

Sea Shanties are the work songs of the sea that helped sailors synchronize their hard and repetitive tasks, so they could labor more efficiently and safely.海窝棚,是劳动歌的海洋,帮助水手同步辛劳及重复性工作,所以,他们的劳动更快捷和更安全. Singing a sea shanty provided several benefits: a diversion for the mind, avoiding boredom, lightening the burden of mundane tasks, and expression of sailors' views which would otherwise not be tolerated.歌唱海窝棚提供了几个好处:一导流头脑,避免枯燥,减负的日常工作,并表达对船员的意见,否则不会被容忍.

"Shanties were labour songs sung by sailors of the merchant service only while at work, and never by way of recreation. Moreover—at least, in the nineteenth century—they were never used aboard men-o'-war, where all orders were carried out in silence to the pipe of the bo'sun's whistle."窝棚被劳动歌曲水手的商户服务,只有在工作,永远的方式娱乐.此外,至少在19世纪,他们从未用过登上男人迷惑战争那里的一切命令,进行沉默的烟斗的bo'sun的哨子.

Before the days of factories and machinery, all forms of work were literally manual labour, and all the world over the labourer, obeying a primitive instinct, sang at his toil: the harvester with his sickle, the weaver at the loom, the spinner at the wheel.前几天,工厂和机器,所有形式的工作,分别从字面上体力劳动,和所有世界各地的帮工,服从一种原始的本能,桑在他的辛劳:收割机与他的镰刀,织女的织布机,纺纱机在车轮. Long after machinery had driven the labour-song from the land it survived at sea in the form of shanties, since all work aboard a sailing vessel was performed by hand.不久后有机械驱动的劳动歌,从土地,它存活在海上的形式窝棚,由于所有工作,发现一艘船只航行表演了手.

The advent of screw steamers sounded the death-knell of the shanty.随着螺杆蒸号角敲响了丧钟的窝棚. Aboard the steamer there were practically no sails to be manipulated; the donkey-engine and steam winch supplanted the hand-worked windlass and capstan.舍利蒸笼因此实际上没有船帆被操纵;驴发动机和蒸汽绞车取代手工工作,卷扬机和绞盘. By the end of the seventies steam had driven the sailing ship from the seas.在最后的70蒸汽动力帆船,从大海中. A number of sailing vessels lingered on through the eighties, but they retained little of the corporate pride and splendour that was once theirs.一些航行船只扰攘通过80年但他们保留了很少的企业自豪感和蝶舞,一度身上. The old spirit was gone never to return." ^*旧精神,是过去从来没有回来."^*

Basic Sea Shanty Types基本窝棚海类型

"Shanties may be roughly divided, as regards their use, into two classes: (a) Hauling shanties, and (b) Windlass and Capstan. The former class accompanied the setting of the sails, and the latter the weighing of the anchor, or 'warping her in' to the wharf, etc. Capstan shanties were also used for pumping ship. A few shanties were 'interchangeable,' i.e. they were used for both halliards and capstan. " * (more information and examples of shanty types here )"窝棚,可大致划分,至于他们的使用,分为两个类别:(一)拖棚,及(b)卷扬机和绞盘.原班1884年设立的船帆,而后者重的锚,或『放淤她'仓,绞盘等窝棚也被用于抽水船.少数人的窝棚'互换,即在它们被用于halliards和绞盘."*(更多信息和例子窝棚类型这里)

Any relation between shanty houses and shanty songs?任何关系棚户房屋和棚户歌曲吗?

Here is a very interseting quote which asserts that there is: "West Indian negro shanties are movable wooden huts, and when a family wishes to change its venue it does so in the following manner: The shanty is levered up on to a low platform on wheels, to which two very long ropes are attached. The ropes are manned by as many hands as their length will admit. A 'shantyman' mounts the roof of the hut and sits astride it. He sings a song which has a chorus, and is an exact musical parallel of a seaman's 'pull-and-haul' shanty. The crowd below sings the chorus, giving a pull on the rope at the required points in the music, just as sailors did when hauling at sea. Each pull on the rope draws the hut a short distance forward, and the process is continued till its final resting-place is reached, when the shantyman descends from the roof. The hut is then levered off the platform on to terra firma and fixed in its required position.这里是一个非常interseting引述该报告称有:"西印度黑人窝棚,是动产的木屋,而当一个家庭的愿望,以改变其场地,它以下列方式:窝棚杠杆,是对一个低平台车轮其中有两个很长的绳索,盛况空前.绳子是载人的,因为很多手中作为其长度会承认.'shantyman'唱出了顶的茅屋,座落.他唱起一首歌,其中有一合唱,而且是一个精确的音乐平行了希曼的'拉动式毒品的窝棚.台下唱合唱团,给予拉的绳子需要点音乐,就像水手当年拖动在海上.每次拉的绳子挂在屋内短距离前进,这一过程一直持续到了最后的安息地达成,当shantyman下潜从屋顶.屋外,然后杠杆客平台上,以农地制度与固定在所需位置.

Here, at least, we have a very ancient custom, which would be familiar to British seamen visiting West Indian seaports.在这里,至少,我们有一个非常古老的习俗,这将是熟悉英国海员参观西印度港口. The object moved was a shanty; the music accompanying the operation was called, by the negroes, a shanty tune; its musical form (solo and chorus) was identical with the sailor shanty; the pulls on the rope followed the same method which obtained at sea; the soloist was called a shantyman; like the shantyman at sea he did no work, but merely extemporized verses to which the workers at the ropes supplied the chorus; and finally, the negroes still pronounce the word itself exactly as the seaman did.目的是提出一个窝棚;音乐伴随的行动是所谓的黑人,一个简陋的调子;其曲式(独奏和合唱团)是完全相同的水手窝棚;在拉扯的绳子都遵循同样的方法获得海上;独奏被称作shantyman;像shantyman海上他并没有工作,但仅仅extemporized诗词,其中工人在绳索供应合唱;最后,在黑人依然发音词本身正是由于当时的水兵. I am quite aware of the flaws in the above argument, but at least it shows a manual labour act performed both afloat and ashore under precisely similar conditions as to (a) its nature, (b) its musical setting; called by the same name, with the same pronunciation in each case; and lastly, connected, in one case, with an actual hut or shanty." *很清楚自己的缺陷,在上述论点,但至少它显示了手工劳动的行为都浮着和岸上正是在相似条件为(一)的性质,(b)其音乐背景;叫同一个名字,以同样的发音,在每个案件;最后,连,在其中一个案例中,一个实际的小屋或窝棚."*